命令简介：

date 根据给定格式显示日期或设置系统日期时间。print or set the system date and time

指令所在路径：/bin/date

命令语法：

date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

命令参数：

参数	描述
-d	显示字符串描述的时间
-f	显示DATEFILE文件中的每行时间
-r	显示文件的最后修改时间
-R	以RFC-2822兼容日期格式显示时间
-rfc-2822	以RFC-2822兼容日期格式显示时间
-s	设置时间为string
-u	显示或设定为Coordinated Universal Time时间格式
--help	显示date命令的帮助信息
--version	显示date命令的版本信息

Format参数格式

要说写这位程序的 David MacKenzie老兄，真是事无巨细啊，居然整了这么多格式参数，佩服佩服。

参数	描述
%%	显示字符%
%a	星期几的缩写(Sun..Sat)
%A	星期几的完整名称（Sunday...Saturday）
%b	月份的缩写(Jan..Dec)
%B	月份的完整名称(January..December)
%c	日期与时间。只输入date指令也会显示同样的结果
%C	世纪(年份除100后去整) [00-99]
%d	日期(以01-31来表示)。
%D	日期(含年月日)。
%e	一个月的第几天 ( 1..31)
%F	日期，同%Y-%m-%d
%g	年份(yy)
%G	年份(yyyy)
%h	同%b
%H	小时(00..23)
%I	小时(01..12)
%j	一年的第几天(001..366)
%k	小时( 0..23)
%l	小时( 1..12)
%m	月份(01..12)
%M	分钟(00..59)
%n	换行
%N	纳秒(000000000..999999999)
%p	AM or PM
%P	am or pm
%r	12小时制时间(hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
%R	24小时制时间(hh:mm)
%s	从00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC开始的秒数
%S	秒(00..60)
%t	制表符
%T	24小时制时间(hh:mm:ss)
%u	一周的第几天(1..7); 1 表示星期一
%U	一年的第几周，周日为每周的第一天(00..53)
%V	一年的第几周，周一为每周的第一天 (01..53)
%w	一周的第几天 (0..6); 0 代表周日
%W	一年的第几周，周一为每周的第一天(00..53)
%x	日期(mm/dd/yy)
%X	时间(%H:%M:%S)
%y	年份(00..99)
%Y	年份 (1970…)
%z	RFC-2822 风格数字格式时区(-0500)
%Z	时区(e.g., EDT), 无法确定时区则为空

 

使用示例：

1： 查看date命令帮助信息

1 [root@Gin scripts]# date --help 2 Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] 3   or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] 4 Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date. 5  6   -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not `now' 7   -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE 8   -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE 9   -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format.10                             Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -060011       --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.12                             TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for13                             date and time to the indicated precision.14                             Date and time components are separated by15                             a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:0016   -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING17   -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time18       --help     display this help and exit19       --version  output version information and exit20 21 FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:22 23   %%   a literal %24   %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)25   %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)26   %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)27   %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)28   %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)29   %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)30   %d   day of month (e.g, 01)31   %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y32   %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d33   %F   full date; same as %Y-%m-%d34   %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)35   %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V36   %h   same as %b37   %H   hour (00..23)38   %I   hour (01..12)39   %j   day of year (001..366)40   %k   hour ( 0..23)41   %l   hour ( 1..12)42   %m   month (01..12)43   %M   minute (00..59)44   %n   a newline45   %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)46   %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known47   %P   like %p, but lower case48   %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)49   %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M50   %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC51   %S   second (00..60)52   %t   a tab53   %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S54   %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday55   %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)56   %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)57   %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday58   %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)59   %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)60   %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)61   %y   last two digits of year (00..99)62   %Y   year63   %z   +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)64   %:z  +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)65   %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)66   %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)67   %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)68 69 By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.70 The following optional flags may follow `%':71 72   -  (hyphen) do not pad the field73   _  (underscore) pad with spaces74   0  (zero) pad with zeros75   ^  use upper case if possible76   #  use opposite case if possible77 78 After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;79 then an optional modifier, which is either80 E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or81 O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.82 83 Report date bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org84 GNU coreutils home page: 
      85 General help using GNU software: 
      86 For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'date invocation'

1 [root@Gin scripts]# man date  2 DATE(1)                          User Commands                         DATE(1)  3   4 NAME  5        date - print or set the system date and time  6   7 SYNOPSIS  8        date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]  9        date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] 10  11 DESCRIPTION 12        Display  the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system 13 : 14 DATE(1)                          User Commands                         DATE(1) 15  16 NAME 17        date - print or set the system date and time 18  19 SYNOPSIS 20        date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] 21        date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] 22  23 DESCRIPTION 24        Display  the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system 25        date. 26  27        -d, --date=STRING 28               display time described by STRING, not ‘now’ 29  30        -f, --file=DATEFILE 31               like --date once for each line of DATEFILE 32  33        -r, --reference=FILE 34               display the last modification time of FILE 35  36        -R, --rfc-2822 37               output date and time in RFC 2822 format.   Example:  Mon, 38               07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600 39  40        --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC 41               output   date   and  time  in  RFC  3339  format.   TIME- 42               SPEC=‘date’, ‘seconds’, or ‘ns’ for date and time to  the 43               indicated  precision.  Date and time components are sepa- 44               rated by a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00 45  46        -s, --set=STRING 47               set time described by STRING 48  49        -u, --utc, --universal 50               print or set Coordinated Universal Time 51  52        --help display this help and exit 53  54        --version 55               output version information and exit 56  57        FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are: 58  59        %%     a literal % 60  61        %a     locale’s abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun) 62  63        %A     locale’s full weekday name (e.g., Sunday) 64  65        %b     locale’s abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan) 66  67        %B     locale’s full month name (e.g., January) 68  69        %c     locale’s date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005) 70  71        %C     century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20) 72  73        %d     day of month (e.g, 01) 74  75        %D     date; same as %m/%d/%y 76  77        %e     day of month, space padded; same as %_d 78  79        %F     full date; same as %Y-%m-%d 80  81        %g     last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G) 82  83        %G     year of ISO week number (see %V);  normally  useful  only 84               with %V 85  86        %h     same as %b 87  88        %H     hour (00..23) 89  90        %I     hour (01..12) 91  92        %j     day of year (001..366) 93  94        %k     hour ( 0..23) 95  96        %l     hour ( 1..12) 97  98        %m     month (01..12) 99 100        %M     minute (00..59)101 102        %n     a newline103 104        %N     nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)105 106        %p     locale’s  equivalent  of  either  AM  or PM; blank if not107               known108 109        %P     like %p, but lower case110 111        %r     locale’s 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)112 113        %R     24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M114 115        %s     seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC116 117        %S     second (00..60)118 119        %t     a tab120 121        %T     time; same as %H:%M:%S122 123        %u     day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday124 125        %U     week number of year, with Sunday as  first  day  of  week126               (00..53)127 128        %V     ISO  week  number,  with  Monday  as  first  day  of week129               (01..53)130 131        %w     day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday132 133        %W     week number of year, with Monday as  first  day  of  week134               (00..53)135 136        %x     locale’s date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)137 138        %X     locale’s time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)139 140        %y     last two digits of year (00..99)141 142        %Y     year143 144        %z     +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)145 146        %:z    +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)147 148        %::z   +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)149 150        %:::z  numeric  time  zone  with : to necessary precision (e.g.,151               -04, +05:30)152 153        %Z     alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)154 155        By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.  The following156        optional flags may follow ‘%’:157 158        -      (hyphen) do not pad the field159 160        _      (underscore) pad with spaces161 162        0      (zero) pad with zeros163 164        ^      use upper case if possible165 166        #      use opposite case if possible167 168        After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal num-169        ber; then an optional modifier, which is either  E  to  use  the170        locale’s alternate representations if available, or O to use the171        locale’s alternate numeric symbols if available.172 173 DATE STRING174        The --date=STRING is a mostly free format  human  readable  date175        string  such as "Sun, 29 Feb 2004 16:21:42 -0800" or "2004-02-29176        16:21:42" or even "next Thursday".  A date  string  may  contain177        items  indicating  calendar date, time of day, time zone, day of178        week, relative time,  relative  date,  and  numbers.   An  empty179        string indicates the beginning of the day.  The date string for-180        mat is more complex than is easily documented here but is  fully181        described in the info documentation.182 183 ENVIRONMENT184        TZ     Specifies the timezone, unless overridden by command line185               parameters.  If neither is specified,  the  setting  from186               /etc/localtime is used.187 188 AUTHOR189        Written by David MacKenzie.190 191 REPORTING BUGS192        Report date bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org193        GNU   coreutils  home  page:  
      195        General help using GNU software: 
      196        Report  date   translation   bugs   to   
      198 199 COPYRIGHT200        Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:201        GNU GPL version 3 or later 
      
       .202        This is free software: you are free to change  and  redistribute203        it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.204 205 SEE ALSO206        The  full documentation for date is maintained as a Texinfo man-207        ual.  If the info and date programs are  properly  installed  at208        your site, the command209 210               info coreutils 'date invocation'211 212        should give you access to the complete manual.213 214 GNU coreutils 8.4                October 2014                          DATE(1)215 (END)
      

2：运用-d参数

[root@Gin scripts]# dateSun Jan 29 10:46:03 CST 2017[root@Gin scripts]# date -d nowSun Jan 29 10:46:07 CST 2017[root@Gin scripts]# date -d 'next monday'Mon Jan 30 00:00:00 CST 2017[root@Gin scripts]# date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d20170128

3：显示文件中的时间

[root@Gin scripts]# cat >date.txt2013-11-17 10:54:002013-11-22 11:11:11[root@Gin scripts]# more date.txt 2013-11-17 10:54:002013-11-22 11:11:11[root@Gin scripts]# date -f date.txt Sun Nov 17 10:54:00 CST 2013Fri Nov 22 11:11:11 CST 2013

4：显示文件最后修改的时间

[root@Gin scripts]# date -r date.txt Sun Jan 29 10:49:11 CST 2017

5：按各种格式显示当前日期时间

这个命令的格式参数实在是太多了，在此没有必要每一个参数都尝试一遍，大家可以对照Format参数表，自己敲一敲命令实践一下。

[root@Gin scripts]# date +%Y2017[root@Gin scripts]# date +%m01[root@Gin scripts]# date +%D01/29/17[root@Gin scripts]# date '+%Y-%m-%d'2017-01-29[root@Gin scripts]# date +%Y-%m-%d2017-01-29[root@Gin scripts]# date +%m/%d/%y01/29/17

6: 设置系统时间

[root@Gin scripts]# date -s "2016-11-11 00:00:00"Fri Nov 11 00:00:00 CST 2016[root@Gin scripts]# dateFri Nov 11 00:00:05 CST 2016

7：请给出如下格式的date命令，如：11-02-26。再给出实现按周输出，如：周六为6，请分别给出命令

[root@Gin scripts]# date +%y-%m-%d17-01-29[root@Gin scripts]# date +%F2017-01-29[root@Gin scripts]# date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"2017-01-29 10:57:02

生产场景中常用时间格式来打包数据：

[root@Andy andy]# tar zcvf etc-$(date +%F).tar.gz /etc[root@Andy andy]# tar zcvf etc-`date +%F`.tar.gz /etc

解析命令方法：反引号，或$()，如上

 

[root@Andy andy]# date +%w  ##显示周，0-63显示过去与未来时间：[root@Andy andy]# date +%F2016-11-16[root@Andy andy]# date +%F -d "-1day"2016-11-15[root@Andy andy]# date +%F -d "+2day"2016-11-18[root@Andy andy]# date +%F -d "+24hour"2016-11-17[root@Andy andy]# date +%F-%H -d "+2hour"  2016-11-16-14